CMOS IC LAYOUT

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APPLICATIONS OF NON LINEAR FIBRE OPTICS

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ANALOG INTERFACING TO EMBEDDED MICROPROCESSORS

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ANALOG CIRCUITS COOKBOOK

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ADAPTIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS

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Common causes of "Invalid drive specification" messages.

There are several sets of circumstances that can return this status.

A. If the drive has not been partitioned (with FDISK) this message will be reported.

B. If the drive parameters (Cyl, Hd, Sec) set in CMOS DON'T match those of the drive this message will be returned indicating that the drive geometry read from the drive doesn't match what is entered in CMOS.

C. General hardware failure on the disk sub-system where the drive geometry cannot be read (causing the mismatch described in B). This could be a bad cable, misplaced cable (off by a pin or row) no DC power to the disk, bad disk PCB, incorrect jumpering on disk PCB. Any matter of problems that can cause the disk to be unreadable can return this error message.

NOTE!! On initial HDD install/upgrade I'd do a physical check on all the obvious things like cable placement, power connectors, listen to hear the disk seeking during it's POST test on pwr up. If this error occurs after the disk has been operating normally it is indicative of a failure of some type. May be hardware failure, or partition data may have been corrupted. This is NOT a good message to get from a working drive.

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Error Message: Disk Boot failure

If your computer has just been formatted, your computer might require you to insert the boot CD to be able to run it. You might hence get the error message “Disk Boot Failure- Insert disk and press enter” displayed on the screen every time you will try to run it. This might be linked to:

1. The boot options not correctly set in BIOS
2. A non bootable CD is found in your CD drive
3. You do not possess any bootable device
4. You have installed a new hard disk
5. The hard disk is not properly plugged
6. Your system files have been infected

Solution 1: Ensure that your drives are empty

If there is a non bootable CD or disk in the drives, your computer might be attempting to boot the program with this disk. Hence, ensure that the floppy disk drive, the CD/R and DVD drives are all empty before restarting your computer and trying to run computer again.

Solution 2: BIOS set up

If this has not solved the problem, it might be linked to a wrong set up of BIOS. Hence,
1. To enter BIOS, press the F8 key when the Windows screen shows up upon the start of the computer.
2. Then all you have top do is to prioritize the boot sequence to Disk C:

Solution 3: New hard drive configuration

If you have just installed a new hard drive, you should insert the system installation CD and restart your computer again so that it reboots with the CD.

Solution 4: Hard drive not properly plugged in

If your hard drive is not properly plugged in, this can also lead to a rebooting error message. Hence, I will suggest you to switch off your computer and remove it from the power switch before checking the cables attached to it. Ensure also that the motherboard is correctly installed. Hence, put it again and try running your system.

Solution 5: Restore the corrupted system files

If neither solution has solved your issue, then it might be due to a corruption of your system files. Hence,
1. Start your computer with a system boot CD and once it is running, enter the command “Dir C:” to ensure that you can access the C: drive’s contents.
2. If the computer enables you to access the contents, then you can enter the command
“fdisk /mbr
sys c:”

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What to do if a file cannot be deleted?

It often happens that while trying to delete a file or a folder, your system tells you that this particular file cannot be deleted at that time. These errors occur currently with video or music file formats. This can be due to a number of factors, such as:

• Someone else is accessing the file/folder on the network or on a shared computer
• You are trying to delete a system file that is being used by another program
• You are trying to delete an infected folder or your system has been infected and prevents you from deleting this file
• You have access restrictions on this particular file/folder
• The file/folder has been saved in “Read only” format
• Your system is not compatible with this kind of file and is hence displaying error messages.

Here are 5 solutions for that.....
Solution 1: Ensure that the file/folder is not in use

If you are using a shared computer, another user or program on the user’s account might be using the file/folder that you are trying to delete.
1. Ask the other user/s to close all the programs that they might be using
2. Make sure that they have log off from their account.
3. Restart your computer, log in to your account and try to delete the file/folder again.

Solution 2: Run your system on Safe Mode

If your system or the file has been infected by a virus, using the Safe Mode can allow you to delete it as most viruses get active while running the normal mode. Hence
1. Restart your system and when the first screen is displayed, press the F8 key on your keyboard.
2. Various booting options for your system should now be listed on the screen. Using your keyboard arrows, choose “Safe Mode”.
3. When the loading is done, choose the file/folder that has to be deleted, right-click on it and choose the “Delete” option.
4. Don’t forget to empty the Recycle Bin by right-clicking on the icon and choosing the option “Empty Recycle Bin”.

Solution 3: Download or update your Antivirus program

If your computer system has been infected, you should first download an antivirus if you do not already have one. If you do, think about upgrading the current version of the software and run the scanning process again. You can get a very good antivirus from the list below:
BitDefender
An antivirus / Antispyware that protects against phishing attacks.
Type: Commercial/Free trial
System Requirements:

• Windows 2000 with Service Pack 4
• Windows XP with Service Pack 2 (32/64 bit)
• Windows Vista (32/64 bit)

Download Link: http://www.bitdefender.com/site/Downloads/
Kaspersky 7

An antivirus / Antispyware that protects against worms and Trojans.
Type: Commercial/free Trial
System requirements:
Microsoft Windows 2000 Professional (Service Pack 4 or higher), Microsoft Windows XP Home Edition (Service Pack 2 or Higher), Microsoft Windows XP Professional (Service Pack 2 or higher), Microsoft Windows XP Professional x64 Edition, Microsoft Windows Vista, Microsoft Windows Vista x64.
Hardware and Software Requirements:
50 MB free space on the hard disk, CD-ROM (for installation), Internet connection (for activation and updates), Microsoft Internet Explorer 5.5 or higher (for updating signatures and the program), Microsoft Windows Installer 2.0.
Download Link: http://en.softonic.com/s/kaspersky-7
ESET NOD32
Antivirus
Type: Commercial
System Requirements:

• Processors supported: 32-bit (x86) and 64-bit (x64) Intel®, AMD® or 100% compatible
• Operating Systems: Microsoft Windows 2000, Microsoft Windows XP (32 and 64-bit editions), Microsoft Windows Vista (32 and 64-bit editions)
• Memory: 33 - 38 MB on average
• Disk Space (download): 16MB
• Disk Space (installation): 78MB

Download Link: http://zelectronicz.com/p-17871-eset-nod32-antivirus-home-edition-v30.aspx
AVG Anti-Virus 8
Antivirus
Type: Commercial/ Free
System Requirements:

• CPU Intel Pentium, 300 MHz
• 30 MB free hard drive space
• 256 MB RAM
• MS Windows 2000
• MS Windows XP
• MS Windows XP Pro x64 Edition
• MS Windows Vista
• MS Windows Vista x64 Edition

Download Link: http://free.avg.com/

Solution 4: Use Notepad

You can try to use Notepad to open the file that you want to remove to bypass Windows Explorer and its indexing.
1. Open Notepad and go to the “File” and “Open” options
2. Ensure that the “File Type” option is set to “All files” and not only “Text documents”.
3. Once you have located the file that you want to delete, DO NOT double-click on it. Instead, use the right-click feature and choose “Delete” from the list.
4. Don’t forget to empty your Recycle Bin after this process.

Solution 5: Deactivate the Indexing service

1. Go to your Start button and choose “Control panel”
2. Select the “Administrative Tools” option and then “Services” tab.
3. When you find the “Indexing” option in the lower section of the window, select the “Stop” button.
4. Without closing the window, try to delete the file again.
5. When done, you can set your configuration to its initial settings or choose to disable the indexing option.

Solution 6: Use MoveOnBoot

MoveOnBoot is a simple freeware utility that will let you to delete the files that you want to remove before your computer system locks them. Before your system even starts, changes are done to your hard drive. Thus, you should ensure that your system gets restarted after using MoveOnBoot.
1. Download the software from http://www.softwarepatch.com/software/moveonboot.html
2. After installation of the program, run it and browse for the file that you want to delete.
3. Select the “Delete” option and click “OK”.
4. You can now restart your system or choose to do it later.

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How to fix a rundll error?

DLL files form part of a large record of codes and information that are used by many of the programs on your computer system. They are all linked to the Windows Registry and help to enhance the speed and memory effectiveness of your computer by using an identical code to run various tasks processed by various programs at a time. Hence, the rundll error arises when a program is not granted access to this particular code.

"Error Loading C:\windows\system 32\bridge.dll " is the kind of rundll error message that you can get.

Why does this happen?

This error can arise because a DLL file has been infected by a virus or is missing on the system due to a spyware. As the programs using this file will not be able to access it, there will be a rundll error to tell your system that the program cannot be loaded due to the missing code/file.

How to fix a rundll error?

To be able to locate where the error comes from, you can make use of internet tools or choose to fix it manually.

here are the solutions for that.......
Solution 1: Reboot your computer Sometimes, simply rebooting your computer can fix this problem. If it does not, you can choose from the other solutions below.
Solution 2: Install and Remove the programThis problem could have happened due to an incorrect program removal procedure. You can hence try to fix it by installing the program that has been removed and to correctly uninstall it either with the Uninstall option proposed by the program itself or through the “Add/Remove” feature found in the “Control Panel” menu.

1. Go to the “Start” menu and open “Control Panel”
2. Select “Add/ Remove program” option and locate for the program that you want to remove and click “Remove”.
3. When the procedure is over, delete any shortcuts that could have stayed and empty the “Recycle Bin”.
4. Reboot your system
Solution 3: Locate the error with System Configuration 1. Go to your Start menu and select the “Run” command
2. Enter “msconfig” to load the System Configuration Utility
3. When it shows up, choose the Selective Startup option and enable only one of its options.
4. Apply the changes and restart the computer.
5. If an error message appears concerning the specific option selected, you can either proceed to solution 4. Else, continue the same procedures until the rundll error appears for any specific selected option from the list.
Solution 4: Run an antispyware program or get online help You should download a good an antispyware program and try to locate the malware or spyware that is corrupting the code or file needed to process the program.

You can get help online to try to fix this problem. There are some effective websites that can give you some wise tips on how to identify and delete this kind of threat or which will give you the necessary tools to fix rundll errors. Do not forget to note down the type of error that you are facing though.

Anti Spyware

AVG
Type: Free
Download Link: http://free.avg.com/

Spyware Doctor
Type: Free Trial
Download Link: http://www.pctools.com/spyware-doctor/

Spy Emergency
Type:Free
Download Link: http://www.spy-emergency.com/

Online Tools

Regcure
Download Link: http://www.regcure.tv

Process Library
Download Link: http://www.processlibrary.com.

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How to speed up a slow PC?

If your PC is taking ages to boot up and is very slow while running programs, it might be due to a number of factors.

Problem 1: Not enough RAM

RAM stands for Random Access Memory and is used as a temporary storage memory by your computer. This memory is in use when tasks are being executed by different programs. Hence, you should have enough RAM memory to process all the tasks at hand; if you don’t this might cause the major slow down of your computer while it is booting up or processing tasks.
How to know if your computer has enough RAM? The programs that are installed on your computer usually have RAM requirements that are asked. If your computer has been running at a normal speed before the installation of such programs and has crucially slowed down with time, you might need to add more RAM on your computer system.
Also, if your computer is slowing down every time you are processing large files, or it freezes while executing several programs at once, these might be some common signs that you need to add extra RAM.

more problems........
Problem 2: Temporary files have built up on your hard disk

Some tasks might require you to leave the system working for several days and this might cause temporary files to build up on your hard disk. This might be a reason why your computer is slowing down and is taking some time to boot up as these type of files tend to be memory consuming.

How to delete Temporary Files?
1. Open “My Computer” and select your local drive (it is usually labeled as :\C)
2. Select the “Windows” folder and locate the folder labeled “Temp”
3. Use your mouse to right-click on the folder (not the contents) and in the “View” options, choose “Details”
4. Select all the files that are older than the current date and press the delete key.
5. When done, go to the Recycle Bin on your desktop and choose “Empty Recycle Bin”

You can also choose to delete the Temporary Internet Files that have accumulated on your system
1. Go to your “Start” button and open “Control Panel”
2. Select “Internet Options” and in the section labeled “Temporary Internet Files” press “Delete Cookies” and “Delete Files” options.
3. You can also delete your history by clicking the option “Clear History”
4. When done, press “Apply” and “OK”
When you finish removing the Temporary Files, reboot your computer.

Problem 3: Your computer has been infected

If your computer has been infected by a virus, a malware, a worm or a Trojan, it might have cause the slow down of your computer system and even freeze several tasks at hand. Hence, you should run a virus scan and remove all the infected files found on your system.

Problem 4: Not enough space on the hard disk

Adding very bulky programs will automatically slow down your computer system. Hence, I will suggest users with a hard disk capacity of 2GB to leave at least 250MB free and those who have a higher hard disk storage capacity to leave at least 20% of the total capacity free. This will hence allow your computer to have enough room both for temporary files and file swapping.

Defragmenting your hard disk

You can also choose to defragment your hard disk to gather some dispersed spaces that can be used by the computer again.
1. Go to your “Start” menu and list all programs
2. In the “Accessories” option, select “System Tools”
3. Choose “Disk Defragmenter” from the list
4. To start the process, click the “Defragment” button.

Problem 5: Your Direct Memory Access (DMA) is disabled

The Direct Memory Access will allow data transmission between your hard drive and CD drive without requiring the microprocessor’s intervention. Those using Windows XP will not have this option set by default.
1. Click on the Start button and open “Control Panel”
2. Click and open the “System” icon
3. Select the “Hardware” tab and choose “Device Manager” option.
4. List the ATA/ATAPI options by clicking the + icon next to it.
5. Select the “Primary IDE Channel” option
6. In the “Primary IDE Properties” window select the “Advanced Settings” tab
7. Check whether the “Transfer Mode” for “Device 0” enables DMA.
8. Also, check whether the “Transfer Mode” for “Device 1” enables DMA.
9. Click “OK” to confirm the changes
10. Hence, click “Secondary IDE Channel”
11. In the “Secondary IDE Properties”, select the “Advanced Settings” tab
12. Check whether the “Transfer Mode” for “Device 0” enables DMA.
13. Also, check whether the “Transfer Mode” for “Device 1” enables DMA
14. When done, click “OK” to confirm the changes

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SIGNALS & SYSTEMS

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Unable to run executable files (. Exe) on windows platform

My programs are launching no more

It may happen that only executable files aren’t eager open properly: either you have the dialog box "Open With", it opens with notepad or another program.

This problem may be due to a error made on your PC. If this is not the case, then it is necessarily a virus, follow this tip to disinfect your PC.
To correct the problem, follow these steps:

First Solution

This solution is valid for XP and 2000 versions.

• Go to Control Panel and then Folder Options.
• Select the File Type tab and then click New

• Type in EXE file extension and click OK

• The EXE extension is automatically selected, then click Restore
• Close the dialog box

Second solution

This solution works for all versions of Windows

• Click on Start> All Programs> Accessories> Notepad
• Select the text below> copy and paste it into Notepad

Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00 

[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\exefile]
"EditFlags"=hex:d8,07,00,00
@="Application"

[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\exefile\shell]
@=""

[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\exefile\shell\open]
@=""
"EditFlags"=hex:00,00,00,00

[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\exefile\shell\open\command]
@="\"%1\" %*"

[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\exefile\shellex]

[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\exefile\shellex\PropertySheetHandlers]

[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\exefile\shellex\PropertySheetHandlers\{86F19A00-42A0-1069-A2E9-08002B30¬309D}]
@=""

[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\exefile\DefaultIcon]
@="%1"

• Then click on File> Save As ...
• Select All files Type
• Give a name for the file and add the. Reg
• Click on Save
• Close the notebook and then right-click the file. REG> Merge
• Click YES and OK

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How to work with partitions in Windows Vista / XP when Disk Management doesn’t work?

Windows Vista’s Disk Management tool can be quite deceiving. It allows you to work with partitions at ease in a presentable GUI format - but with problems. There have been a lot of complaints and confusion as to why Windows Vista grays out the extend volume and shrink volume properties. In response to this, I have found an alternative way to work with partitions, allowing you to easily resize, delete, and create partitions.

Diskpart.exe does a very good job at working with partitions. Unlike Disk Management, Diskpart actually works!
Before continuing, make sure that you:

* Backed up all important files
* Do not run diskpart.exe with Dynamic Disks

1) First, you’ll want to pull out your Start Menu and type diskpart.exe (Windows XP users might have to download diskpart.exe )This will open a command-prompt like window. At this window, type list disk. This will list all your available hard disks.












2) Proceed by typing select disk to select the disk you want to work with.
Creating a Partition or Volume: (skip) At this point in time, you can create a partition.
Type create and a set of new options will be presented to you. To proceed, just type create . (e.g. create volume) What kind of partition should I create?

Primary: Primary partitions are limited to four per hard disk. If you are planning to install an operating system into a partition, you’ll want to choose primary since it is the only one that can be made bootable.

Extended: If you are planning to have more than four partitions, you’ll want to work with extended. An extended partition counts towards the limit of four, but you are then allowed to create logical volumes within these extended partitions. You’ll want to use extended partitions for backup or storage purposes only since they are not bootable.

3) Now we want to see which number is associated with the volume we want to work with. To obtain this list, type list volume








4) Select the desired volume by typing: select volume or select partition You then have a list of options to choose from. Below is a list of commands you can type in depending on what you want to do with your selected volume. If you don’t input a number for size, the program will automatically use all the space available for your operation. For the purpose of this tutorial, I have decided to work with 10GB. (1000MB = 1GB) ·

Shrink desired=10000 minimum=2000 (Shrinks the volume by 10GB. If that’s not possible, this command makes sure that you at least shrink the volume by 2GB.) ·

Extend size=10000
·
Delete Partition ·

Format

Disk Management can be quite a nuisance since it decides to gray out certain properties on any given day. Please spread the word about diskpart.exe if you know someone who has had trouble working with partitions; as I am sure there are lots who are having similar problems.

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Know The Beep

One Beep :
DRAM refresh failure
This may be due to - Bad memory chips
- A bad DMA Chip
- Bad memory addressing chips on the motherboard

Two Beeps :
Parity error or Parity Circuit failure
-Your memory may not be seated properly on the mother board.
-Unplug and plug it properly

Three Beeps :
Bad memory or bad mother board

Four beeps :
Timer failure in the RAM.

Five Beeps :
CPU chip may be dead

Six Beeps :
Keyboard controller may have failed

Seven beeps :
CPU is dead. Retry the connections and test.
-Replace the whole motherboard.

Eight Beeps :
Video card is missing or Bad.

Nine Beeps :
Damaged ROM BIOS.
-BIOS chip has to be replaced if it persists.

Ten Beeps :
CMOS shutdown.
-Replace CMOS memory and associated chips.

Eleven Beeps :
Cache memory test has failed.
-To enable cache memory try CTRL+ALT+SHIFT++.

One long Beep and Three short Beeps:
Memory failure

One long Beep and Eight short Beeps :
Video card failure.
-Try to install video card in another slot.

No Beeps :
Check Power supply
-Check mother board connections
-Remove all cards except video card and check for system power up
-Insert all cards one at a time and check their operation.
-If system hangs on the installation of a particular card, then it is the cause for the problem and replace it with another of that type and check

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Hot Reboot

When you click on the SHUTDOWN button, make sure to simultaneous press SHIFT Button.

If you hold the Shift key down while clicking on SHUTDOWN button, your computer would restart without restarting the Computer. This is equivalent to term "HOT REBOOT".

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Crack ur Administrative account(Windows)

Forgot Account Password?Then here is the solution for that...........

Go to Run->cmd

type AT (time) /interactive “cmd.exe”

enter time in 24hr format

means if you want to enter 5.00pm then enter 17:00

then a new window of cmd will open at specified time.

In new window type net(space)user

press enter

after this u will see some names on ur screen

notedown the name of admin acc

then type

net user (name of admin acc u want to crack into) (space) *
e.g if the name of admin acc is john then type

net user john *

then it will ask u for new password

enter password of ur choice

and u got the admin password

The above scheduling is optional you can crack ur administrative account without doing that.U can perform the following directly from the same window.U should be logged in any account to perform this.
for eg:If ur system is a single user system then one inbuilt secret account will be there.How to login into that??Its so simple my dear friends........ U just click CTRL+ALT+DEL for two times that's it.you will get a login prompt and you enter administrator under username and click login.Moreover if you set a password while installin the OS it asks for a password.So always maintain a spare limited account without a password on safe side as everything is uncertain........

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Lock your computer in 2 seconds

Very useful when you have to leave your system on for some time and you have to go some where else...

Right click on an empty area of the desktop and choose 'new' then 'shortcut.' The create shortcut wizard will open. in the

first text box, type '%windir%\System32\rundll32.exe user32.dll,LockWorkStation' and then give your shortcut an

appropriate name on the next page, and hit 'finish.'

You will notice that the shortcut you created has a blank icon. To select a more appropriate one, right click on the

shortcut and hit 'properties.' In the 'shortcut' tab, click the 'change icon' button.

else u can simply press the "window key + l" to lock your computer...

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Not needed to install BLUETOOTH SOFTWARE

inbuilt blutooth sftware in win. XP

Now u don't need 2 install any software for ur bluetooth device.
u don't know bt u already had it in ur window xp nd vista
it can b used as:-
1.open d run command
2.nw typ 'fsquirt'
wid-out quotes
3.nw jus select weder u want 2 snd or receive ne file
vry easy:-)

NOTE:BLUETOOTH DEVICE NEEDED

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Auto delete the temporary folder

What i prefer is %temp% " without quotes.. at Start -> Run..
This opens ur temp folder n den u select all and delete.still try dis one too..

First go into gpedit.msc
Next select -> Computer Configuration/Administrative Templates/Windows Components/Terminal Services/Temporary Folder
Then right click "Do Not Delete Temp Folder Upon Exit"
Go to properties and hit disable. Now next time Windows puts a temp file in that folder it will automatically delete it when its done! Note from Forum Admin: Remember, GPEDIT (Group Policy Editor) is only available in XP Pro.

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How to remove trojans that uses autorun.inf file?

Step1: Remove autorun.inf files from all your drives, include any usb/flash drives.
1. Manually:

Reboot your PC in Safe mode.

1. Restart your computer
2. After hearing your computer beep once during startup, but before the Windows icon appears, press F8.
3. Instead of Windows loading as normal, a menu should appear
4. Select the first option, to run Windows in Safe Mode.

Click Start -> Run.
In the type box enter cmd and press Enter.
In the command console type del /a:h /f c:\autorun.*
Repeat previous step to all drives, make replacing “c” with the appropriate drive letter.
2. Automatically.

Download Flash_Disinfector by sUBs and save it to your desktop.
Double-click Flash_Disinfector.exe to run it and follow any prompts that may appear.
The utility may ask you to insert your flash drive and/or other removable drives including your mobile phone.
Please do so and allow the utility to clean up those drives as well.
Wait until it has finished scanning and then exit the program.
Reboot your computer when done.

Step 2: Remove autorun.inf trojan from the windows registry.
Download and install HijackThis.
Run HijackThis and scan, put a checkmark next to the following items (if exists):

F2 - REG:system.ini: Shell=Explorer.exe csrcs.exe
O4 - HKLM\..\Run: [SystemDrive] c:\windows\system32\SVCH0ST.EXE
O4 - HKCU\..\Run: [avp] C:\WINDOWS\system32\avp.exe
O4 - HKCU\..\Run: [amva] C:\WINDOWS\system32\amvo.exe
O4 - HKCU\..\Run: [kxva] C:\WINDOWS\system32\kxvo.exe
O4 - HKCU\..\Run: [kava] C:\WINDOWS\system32\kavo.exe
O4 - HKCU\..\Run: [tava] C:\WINDOWS\system32\tavo.exe
O4 - HKCU\..\Run: [TaskMonitor] C:\WINDOWS\system32\TaskMonitor.exe
O4 - HKCU\..\Run: [Realshade] C:\WINDOWS\system32\realshade.exe
O4 - HKCU\..\Run: [cftmonn] C:\WINDOWS\system32\cftmonn.exe
O4 - HKCU\..\Run: [kamsoft] C:\WINDOWS\system32\kamsoft.exe
O4 - HKCU\..\Run: [vamsoft] C:\WINDOWS\system32\vamsoft.exe
O4 - HKCU\..\Run: [kmmsoft] C:\WINDOWS\system32\revo.exe
O4 - HKCU\..\Run: [cdoosoft] C:\WINDOWS\system32\olhrwef.exe
O4 - HKCU\..\Run: [cbvcs] C:\WINDOWS\system32\urretnd.exe
O4 - HKCU\..\Run: [jvsoft] C:\WINDOWS\system32\j3ewro.exe
O4 - HKCU\..\Run: [ckvo] c:\windows\system32\ckvo.exe
O4 - HKLM\..\Run: [winconfig] C:\WINDOWS\winconfig.dll.vbs
O4 - HKLM\..\Policies\Explorer\Run: [csrcs] C:\WINDOWS\system32\csrcs.exe
O6 - HKCU\Software\Policies\Microsoft\Internet Explorer\Control Panel present
O7 - HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\System, DisableRegedit=1

Now close all browser and other windows except for HijackThis, and click “Fix Checked” to have HijackThis fix the entries you checked.

Step 3: Remove autorun.inf trojans files.
Download Avenger from here and unzip to your desktop.
Run Avenger, copy,then paste the following text in Input script Box:
Files to delete:
c:\0jbnlnu8.exe
C:\11rhbu.cmd
c:\1q8p0y.com
C:\2fiy.bat
c:\2g.com
C:\32agsg.exe
c:\39ysi89.com
c:\3jkka91.com
c:\6fnlpetp.exe
C:\6fnlpetp.exe
C:\6j2j.com
C:\8.bat
c:\80avp08.com
C:\8ng8w.com
c:\92j11sm.com
c:\a.exe
C:\a2h2.com
c:\ampfrb.cmd
c:\as.bat
c:\AutoRun\autorun.pif
c:\AutoRun\AutoStart.exe
c:\AutoRun\AutoStart.exe
C:\AutoProtect\DrvMonitor.exe
c:\awda2.exe
c:\bo1dhu.bat
C:\bwpncb6.com
c:\boot.exe
c:\cjrp8.com
c:\clshsy.cmd
C:\d1vmq.exe
C:\d6fagcs8.cmd
c:\dp.exe
C:\e.cmd
C:\eaywxx.cmd
C:\f9cvum.exe
C:\fooool.exe
c:\fun.xls.exe
C:\gbiehbsb.dll
C:\gfqgq.cmd
C:\gi2ky.exe
C:\gldegkby.cmd
c:\gumkrhf.bat
C:\qxty9be.cmd
C:\gy.exe
c:\h3.bat
c:\hbs.exe
c:\ioockw.bat
C:\ij.bat
C:\imo.exe
c:\invwft2h.com
C:\ioockw.bat
c:\iqe68o.bat
C:\j60osk9.cmd
C:\jeorels.cmd
c:\jg6w3yx.com
c:\killVBS.vbs
c:\kinza.exe
C:\kjibu.com
c:\ktnquo.exe
c:\m9ma.exe
c:\main.vbs
c:\MicrosoftPowerPoint.exe
c:\NewVirusRemoval.vbs
c:\nfdmg.com
C:\ntde1ect.com
c:\ntnq.exe
c:\nw0t1l0d.exe
c:\o0s.cmd
c:\phwe.com
C:\pook.com
c:\q0rppr.exe
C:\qphdin.com
C:\rcukd.cmd
c:\Recycled\ctfmon.exe
c:\resycled\boot.com
c:\RECYCLED\appmgmt.exe
C:\rqq2v.bat
c:\rs.cmd
C:\sq.com
C:\system.exe
c:\System\DriveGuard\DriveProtect.exe
C:\t.com
C:\tio8x6.cmd
c:\tj8odymw.exe
C:\tjjqtejq.bat
C:\tvlx2fg.exe
c:\uh31.exe
c:\usbcash.exe
c:\USBFlash.exe
C:\uvsqfgwd.cmd
c:\uxdeiect.com
c:\vnkucvv.com
c:\VirusCleaner.vbe
c:\VirusRemoval.vbs
c:\w1hva13.exe
C:\x0.cmd
c:\x2tpc.cmd
c:\xa2c.exe
C:\x.com
C:\x.cmd
C:\x2csvg.exe
C:\xih9.cmd
C:\xn1i9x.com
C:\xp19.com
c:\xpq63xl.exe
c:\xwpehlv.com
c:\yfog8p.exe
C:\yg.cmd
c:\yssjnngm.cmd
C:\w98.com
%Temp%\dwg3gngs.exe
%Temp%\kxvo.exe
%Temp%\new folder\ufjtre.exe
%Temp%\o2g.exe
%Temp%\ufjtre.exe
%Windir%\expiorer.exe
%windir%\system32\afmain0.dll
%Windir%\system32\amvo.exe
%Windir%\system32\avp.exe
%windir%\system32\avpo.exe
%Windir%\system32\Bitkv0.dll
%Windir%\system32\Bitkv1.dll
%Windir%\system32\cftmonn.exe
%Windir%\system32\ckvo0.dll
%Windir%\system32\ckvo.exe
%windir%\system32\expiorer.exe
%Windir%\system32\gasretyw0.dll
%Windir%\system32\gasretyw1.dll
%windir%\system32\haozs0.dll
%Windir%\system32\j3ewro.exe
%Windir%\system32\jwedsfdo0.dll
%Windir%\system32\kamsoft.exe
%Windir%\system32\kavo0.dll
%Windir%\system32\kavo1.dll
%Windir%\system32\kavo.exe
%Windir%\system32\kxvo.exe
%windir%\system32\locale.exe
%windir%\system32\nmdfgds1.dll
%windir%\system32\nmdfgds0.dll
%windir%\system32\olhrwef.exe
%windir%\system32\optyhww0.dll
%windir%\system32\optyhww1.dll
%Windir%\system32\RavMon.exe
%Windir%\system32\realshade.exe
%Windir%\system32\revo.exe
%Windir%\system32\revo1.dll
%Windir%\system32\revo2.dll
%Windir%\system32\revo6.dll
%Windir%\system32\revo5.dll
%Windir%\system32\revo4.dll
%Windir%\system32\revo3.dll
%Windir%\system32\SCVVHSOT.exe
%Windir%\System32\taskmagr.exe
%Windir%\system32\TaskMonitor.exe
%Windir%\system32\tavo0.dll
%Windir%\system32\tavo1.dll
%Windir%\system32\tavo.exe
%Windir%\system32\urretnd.exe
%Windir%\system32\usbmons.exe
%Windir%\system32\usbmons.dll
%Windir%\system32\vamsoft.exe
%Windir%\system32\vbsdfe0.dll
%Windir%\system32\vbsdfe1.dll
%Windir%\system32\wincab.sys
%Windir%\winconfig.dll.vbs

Then click on ‘Execute’.
Your computer will be reloaded.
Note: if you still having any files with strange names, then manually remove them.

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Windows Installer 3.1 Upgrade Problems

If you have Windows Installer 3.1 on your computer, then the installation of a Microsoft Windows Installer (.msi) package may fail if the installer attempts to install a more current version of a system file that is being protected by the Windows File Protection (WFP) feature. Additionally, you may notice Windows Installer Error 1931 is added to the Windows Installer log or the Application log

Additional Information: WFP is a feature that helps in protecting Windows operating systems and other program files, usually with file name extensions, .dll, .exe, .ocx, and .sys. Some True Type fonts may also be protected by the feature. Primarily, file signatures and catalog files are used to ensure that the files being protected are correct Microsoft versions. WFP allows these files to be replaced only when a hotfix is installed by using the Update.exe or HOtfix.exe, or if the Operating System is upgraded using Winnt32.exe or a Windows Update is performed.

Cause of the Error

Windows Installers that were released before the version 3.1 allowed the silent installation process to continue even if the software package you were trying to install failed to install a later version of the file that was protected by WFP.

However, this behavior changed with Windows Installer 3.1. If the silent installation process fails to update a file that is protected by WFP, the installation process rolls back.

Resolution Method

The resolution methods for this issue depend on whether you are the end user of a package being installed or you are the developer who is creating the Windows Installer Package that is generating the problem.

Method 1: Use this method if you are the end user of the installation package.

This error usually occurs if you have the Windows Installer 3.1 version 1 installed on your PC. To check the version of Windows Installer on your computer, perform the following steps:

1. Open Windows Explorer.
2. Navigate to the C:\Window\System32 folder.

Note: Here, C: represents the system root folder in which your Windows is installed.

1. Here, locate the Msi.dll file and then right-click on it.
2. Select Properties.
3. Open the Version tab.
* If the file version is 3.1.4000.1823, it implies that you have Windows Installer 3.1 version 1 on your computer.
* If the file version is 3.1.4000.2435, it implies that you have Windows Installer 3.1 version 2 on your computer.

If you have Windows Installer 3.1 version 1 on the system, then you will have to upgrade to version 2 to repair the error. To do this, open the 893803 (http://support.microsoft.com/kb/893803/) Windows Installer 3.1 (v2) Web page and then download and install the update on your computer.

Method 1: Use this method if you are creating a Windows Installer package.

When creating an installer package for your application, it is recommended that in the Windows Installer database you create, that you set a condition that prevents WFP-components from installing on computers with the WFP feature.

For more information on how to set the condition, you may refer to the Microsoft MSDN Web site.

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Troubleshooting Memory Problems In SystemTroubleshooting Memory Problems In System

It is fairly common for computer users to come across problems associated with memory. These problems can be resolved if computer users are aware of troubleshooting methods and are able to correctly diagnose them on their own.

One of the first steps in troubleshooting memory-related problems is to ensure that the origin of the problem is really the memory. To do this, you may start by asking the following questions:

1. Have you recently purchased your PC? If the problem is encountered on a new PC, it may be a good idea to contact the vendor for fixing the problem because the system might still be under warranty.
2. Have you upgraded memory by adding new memory chips? Quite often, memory errors occur if we add incompatible or faulty chips. If this is the case, you may resolve the error by replacing the problematic chips. Also, you must ensure that your memory chips are properly seated in their slots.
3. Have you recently installed a new software? If your answer is yes, then it is quite likely that this new software is behind all the errors. In this case, ensure that all the latest updates and patches are installed. At times, problems may occur if the program was not installed properly. If this is the case, then re-installing the software may resolve the error. Also, if you are trying to run a memory-intensive software on an older system, you may face problems. In this case, you may either have to uninstall your software or upgrade your PC.
4. Have you recently installed a new hardware? If a new hardware has been recently installed or removed from the machine, one must check whether there are any loose connections or if the new hardware is working properly.

If the above potential causes have been eliminated, then one must start to investigate the possibility of memory problems. The common symptoms of memory problems and their troubleshooting tips are listed below:

Symptom: Blank Screen

Troubleshooting Tips:

1. Confirm that the VGA card and memory chips are installed properly.
2. Make sure that the motherboard and memory chips are compatible with each other.

Symptom: PC hangs or reboots again

Troubleshooting Tips:

1. Verify whether the computer has adequate memory.
2. Check if there is any fault in the power supply.
3. Make sure that there is no corrosion between memory chip and socket.

Symptom: Your computer reports memory problems

Troubleshooting Tips:

1. Check your CMOS settings to check for “memory mismatch” errors.
2. Memory chips are incompatible-in this case, you may also encounter problems comprising information related to memory address error, memory failure, memory parity interrupt, and memory verification error. The best way to check for incompatible memory is to remove the new chips to see if the error goes away. If it does, you may have to get new compatible memory chips.

Symptom: Your computer enters General protection fault.

Troubleshooting Tips:

1. Reboot your system because this problem usually occurs when two software programs are trying to access the same memory resource.
2. If the problems occurs soon after adding new memory chips then replace these chips with compatible ones to resolve the error.

At times, memory related problems may also occur if your registry is damaged or your hard disk is filled up and cluttered. You can fix registry problems with the help of reliable registry tool, such as RegGenie. To fix your hard disk problems, you may use the Disk Cleanup and Disk Defragmenter tools that come with your Windows operating system. On Windows Vista, you may also use the Memory Diagnostics tool that comes with the operating system to check your memory chips and identify the problems.

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How To Fix “Setup Was Unable To Find The MSI Package” Error?

If your PC is behind a proxy server, then the following error message may be displayed when you attempt to install a program on your Windows computer:

"Setup was unable to find the MSI package.“

Steps to See Proxy Configuration

To see if your computer is behind a proxy server, perform the following tasks:

1. Open Internet Explorer.
2. On the Tools menu, select Internet Options.
3. Select Connections.
4. On this tab, select the LAN Settings button to check your Internet Connections settings.
5. If the Use proxy server for this connection check box is selected it implies that you are trying to install your software from behind a proxy server.

Workaround Solutions

To workaround this issue, you may use one of the following solutions:

Method 1: Use another connection that connects directly to the Internet.

Many software programs that are installed using the Windows Installer utility start the installation process directly from the Internet. However, your proxy server may not allow this Web activity over the Internet and your installation process may fail.

To workaround, try to connect to the Internet using some other method. For instance, you may try to use a Dial-up Connection or a direct LAN connection that does not require you to go through a proxy server. Also, open Internet Explorer > Tools > Internet Options > Connections > LAN Settings. Here, clear the Use proxy server for this connection check box and then select the Automatic detect settings checkbox. Click OK twice to save your settings.

Method 2: Download the installation files to your system.

If possible, try to download the installation package of the software you are trying to install on your computer and then perform the installation locally.

To do this, perform the following steps:

1. Open Start menu, and then select Run.
2. Type the following command and then press Enter:

msiexec /i http://CompleteURLToProdcutWebsite/DownloadFileName.ms i

Here, CompleteURLToProdcutWebsite represents the URL of the Website from where you are trying to download the software package that is installed using the Windows Installer utility. Additionally, DownloadFileName.msi represents the name of the msi file that installs the software package.

When you run this command, the msi file is downloaded from its Web site and the installation process is carried out locally on your computer.

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How to Resolve Error 1053?

The following error message may be displayed and it may take you much longer than normal to stop or pause a managed Microsoft Windows service:

Could not stop the Windows service-name service on Local Computer.
Error 1053: The service did not respond to the start or control request in a timely fashion.

Note: Here, service_name represents that name of the Managed Windows service you are tying to stop or pause.

Cause of the Error

This error usually occurs when there are some problems between the service you are trying to stop/pause and the Advapi32.dll file. This DLL file is part of one of the advanced API services library that supports several APIs that include several security and registry calls.

Technical explanation: When you attempt to stop or pause a service, the OnStop method is directly called by the ServiceBase class directly from the Service common handler. This handler is defined in the ScDispatcherLoop of Advapi32.dll. If this ScDispatcherLoop thread is unable to receive any new service command from the service control manager it is marked as time out and error 1053 is displayed.

Resolution Method

This issue has been identified by Microsoft and is rectified in the latest Microsoft .NET Framework 1.1. To download the latest Microsoft .NET Framework 1.1 service pack, open the “How to obtain Microsoft .NET Framework 1.1 Service Pack 1” Web page and then follow the given instructions.

On your Windows computer you may encounter several errors such as error 1053 that occur due to a programming issue detected after the software program being used was released for commercial use. Microsoft regularly releases hotfixes, patches and service packs to fix these problems. This is the reason why, to ensure that your PC stays trouble-free, you must regularly download and install these updates to your system. The best way to ensure that all your Microsoft products are updated on a regular basis is to enable the Windows Automatic Update feature on your computer.

Additionally, to prevent several other computer errors from occurring on your computer you must maintain a healthy and clean Windows registry with the help of a reliable registry tool, such as RegGenie. Also, use anti-malware tools, such as Anti-Virus Plus and XoftSpySE to ensure that your system stays free from virus and spyware infections.

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How to Fix rthdcpl.exe - Illegal System DLL Relocation Error?

You may receive the following error message soon after you have updated your Windows XP PC with Service Pack 2:

Rthdcpl.exe - Illegal System DLL Relocation

The system DLL user32.dll was relocated in memory. The application will not run properly. The relocation occurred because the DLL C:\Windows\System32\Hhctrl.ocx occupied an address range reserved for Windows system DLLs. The vendor supplying the DLL should be contacted for a new DLL.

This error message is displayed when a recent Windows XP update causes some problems with the Realtek HD Audio Control Panel versions1.41, 1.45, 1.49, and 1.57.

Note: You may also encounter this problem if you have ElsterFormular versions 2006 and 2007, TUGZip version 3.4, CD-Tag version 2.27, Suunto Ski Manager versions 1.0.2, 1.1 and 1.2, and BMC PATROL version 7.1 programs on your PC.

Cause of the Error

This problem usually appears after the security updates 925902 (MS07-017) and 928843 (MS07-008) are installed on a Windows XP Service Pack 2 computer. The problem occurs with the program listed above due to conflicting base addresses of the Hhctrl.ocx file included in the security update 928843 and the User32.dll file in security update 925902. The error message is displayed when a program loads the Hhctrl.ocx file before the User32.dll file.

Resolution Method

You may follow the methods listed below to resolve this error message. After each method check if the error is resolved.

Update the Program that is Generating the Error Message

First, try to look for an update for the program that is generating the errors. For example, if the error message indicates a problem with Rthdcpl.exe, try to search for and update the Realtek drivers.

You may try to update to Realtek HD Audio Control Panel 1.64 that does not display this error.

Install Windows Updates

1. Visit the Microsoft Update Web site, and then install all essential updates on your Windows XP Service Pack 2 computer.
2. Check if the error is resolved after the updates are installed. If the error still remains, do the following:
1. Open the Update for Windows XP (KB935448) webpage.
2. Click the Download button-if this button is not available, you may have to first click the Validate button to ensure that your Windows XP Service Pack 2 is genuine and then proceed with the download.
3. Next, click Run.
4. Follow the instructions given on the screen to install the update to your PC.

To prevent errors, such as the “Rthdcpl.exe - Illegal System DLL Relocation” error, it is essential that you keep both Windows and the programs and device drivers installed on your computer updated. On your Windows XP computer, you can turn on the Automatic Updates feature to ensure that all your Microsoft-related products are updated on a regular basis. Also, if the automatic update feature is available with other programs and device drivers, you should enable it to keep these programs updated.

It is also recommended that you use a good Windows registry tool, such as RegGenie, to regularly scan and clean your registry. This will not only help you optimize the performance of your PC, but also help you prevent several unwanted computer errors and problems from occurring.

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